At a constant magnetic field of 0.4–1.1 T, the elution percentage of the microalgae at less than 5 µm was 30–50%. The applied magnetic field was set at a constant and dynamic-convex manner. In this study, to separate microalgae, a bed of magnetite-containing gel (Mag gel, 190 µm) was packed in the column by the application of a magnetic field for the separative elution of injected microalgae (including mainly four species), cultured at Saga University in Japan. Since microalgae live in the sea and the river, they need to be harvested and separated and cultured for further usage. Microalgae are now known as potential microorganisms in the production of chemicals, fuel, and food. Therefore, in this figure, peak 1 would have a higher efficiency than peak 2. The greater the peak width at half the peak height, W 1/2, the lower the value of N. The calculation of resolution uses the migration time of the two peaks (t m1, t m2 ) and the base width of the peaks (W b1, W b2 ). Therefore, narrow peaks and large peak-to-peak separations produce large Rs values. Higher efficiency means that there are a greater number of theoretical plates, which, in turn, produces narrower peaks. The second factor is the efficiency of the separation. One factor is the selectivity, which takes into account the distance between the maxima of the two peaks. Resolution is a combination of two factors. The greater the resolution, the better the separation of the two peaks. A resolution of 1.5 is considered a baseline separation of two peaks. Resolution is essentially a measure of the quality of a separation. Sample electropherogram showing the calculation of resolution, Rs, and efficiency in terms of theoretical plates, N.
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